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Nikam, Bhaskar R.

Integrated Approach for Snowmelt Run-Off Estimation Using Temperature Index Model, Remote Sensing and GIS

Abstract Views :242 | PDF Views:84

Authors

S. P. Aggarwal ¹, Praveen K. Thakur ¹, Bhaskar R. Nikam ¹, Vaibhav Garg ¹

Affiliations
1 Water Resources Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing Dehradun, 4-Kalidas Road, Dehradun 248 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 106, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 397-407

Abstract

The snow and glacier melt run-off is one of the most important sources of freshwater for the perennial Himalayan rivers. The water from these rivers sustains billions of people in South Asia, especially during lean season. The study has been done to integrate temporal snow cover area (SCA) and digital elevation model (DEM) derived from satellite remote sensing data with Geographic Information System (GIS) and finally into temperature index-based snowmelt run-off estimation model. The study area for snowmelt run-off estimation is part of head reach sub-basins of Ganga river, i.e. Alakhnanda and Bhagirathi river basins up to Joshimath and Uttarkashi respectively. The temporal SCA (2002-07 for Bhagirathi river and 2000, 2008 for Alakhnanda river) was derived from remote sensing data and DEM was used to find elevation zones and aspect maps. Snowmelt run-off model (SRM) is a temperature index-based snowmelt run-off simulation model, which has been used in this study for simulating snowmelt run-off. The daily hydro meteorological data from India Meteorological Department and Central Water Commission were used for estimating snowmelt. Overall accuracy of SRM for Alakhnanda river in terms of coefficient of correlation (R²) is 0.84-0.90 for years 2000 and 2008, and 0.74-0.84 in Bhagirathi river for 2002-2007.

Keywords

Remote Sensing, Snowmelt Run-Off, Snow Cover Area, Temperature Index Model.

Full Text

Satellite-Based Mapping and Monitoring of Heavy Snowfall in North Western Himalaya and its Hydrologic Consequences

Abstract Views :202 | PDF Views:79

Authors

Bhaskar R. Nikam ¹, Vaibhav Garg ¹, Prasun K. Gupta ¹, Praveen K. Thakur ¹, A. Senthil Kumar ¹, Arpit Chouksey ¹, S. P. Aggarwal ¹, Pankaj Dhote ¹, Saurabh Purohit ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, 4, Kalidas Road, Dehradun 248 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 113, No 12 (2017), Pagination: 2328-2334

Abstract

Snow cover is one of the most important land surface parameters in global water and energy cycle. Large area of North West Himalaya (NWH) receives precipitation mostly in the form of snow. The major share of discharge in rivers of NWH comes from snow and glacier melt. The hydrological models, used to quantify this runoff contribution, use snow-covered area (SCA) along with hydro-meteorological data as essential inputs. In this context, information about SCA is essential for water resource management in NWH region. Regular mapping and monitoring of snow cover by traditional means is difficult due to scarce snow gauges and inaccessible terrain. Remote sensing has proven its capability of mapping and monitoring snow cover and glacier extents in these area, with high spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, 8-day snow cover products from MODIS, and 15-daily snow cover fraction product from AWiFS were used to generate long-term SCA maps (2000–2017) for entire NWH region. Further, the long term variability of 8-daily SCA and its current status has been analysed. The SCA mapped has been validated using AWiFS derived SCA. The analysis of current status (2016–17) of SCA has indicated that the maximum extent of snow cover in NWH region in last 17 years. In 2nd week of February 2017, around 67% of NWH region was snow covered. The comparison of SCA during the 1st week of March and April in 2016–17 against 2015–16 indicates 7.3% and 6.5%, increased SCA in current year. The difference in SCA during 1st week of March 2017 and 1st week of April 2017 was observed to be 14%, which indicates that the 14% SCA has contributed to the snow melt during this period. The change in snow water equivalent retrieved using SCATSAT-1 data also validates this change in snow volume.

Keywords

AWiFS, MOD10A2, North Western Himalaya, Snow Cover Area, SCATSAT-1.

Full Text

References

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Nikam, B. R., Garg, V., Gupta, P. K., Thakur, P. K., Aggarwal, S. P. and Kumar, A. S., A Preliminary Assessment Report on Assessment of Long-Term and Current Status (2016-17) of Snow Cover Area in North Western Himalayan River Basins using Remote Sensing. Technical Report, IIRS/WRD/Technical Report/ 2017/212, IIRS Dehradun, 2017, p. 26.

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Thakur, P. K., Aggarwal, S. P., Arun, G., Sood, S., Kumar, A. S., Snehmani and Dobhal, D. P., Estimation of snow cover area, snow physical properties and glacier classification in parts of Western Himalayas using C-band SAR data. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens., 2016; doi:10.1007/s12524-016-0609-y.

Thakur, P. K., Garg, P. K., Aggarwal, S. P., Garg, R. D. and Snehmani, Snow cover area mapping using synthetic aperture radar in Manali watershed of Beas River in the Northwest Himalayas. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens., 2013; doi:10.1007/s12524-012-0236-1.

Performance Assessment of a Bathymetry System in Open Inland Waterbodies

Abstract Views :109 | PDF Views:69

Authors

Satyendra S. Raghuwanshi ¹, Vaibhav Garg ², Bhaskar R. Nikam ², G. Varaprasad Babu ¹, S. Muralikrishnan ¹

Affiliations
1 National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hyderabad 500 037, IN
2 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun 248 001, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 124, No 5 (2023), Pagination: 585-590

Abstract

Bathymetry of an open waterbody can be estimated remotely using airborne and space-borne sensors with wide coverage. However, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)- borne bathymetric systems are current trends for applications with limited depth subjected to the quality of water. Estimation of accurate bathymetry using surface-based sensors is essential for validating the remote sensing-derived results. To cater to the requirements of the in situ measurement system, especially for supporting the airborne (aircraft/UAVs) remote sensing-based bathymetry systems, a customized and compact, immersion-type bathymetry system using single-frequency (typ. 500 kHz) transducer was developed in-house at the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO, Hyderabad. In the present study, we assess the performance of the developed system in the field against physical measurements and a reference acoustic transducer for shallow and deep inland open waterbodies. Performance testing was carried out in the Asan Lake, a shallow waterbody, with a depth of up to 4 m and in the Tehri reservoir for deep bathymetry with a depth of more than 150 m. The results show that the estimated TVU for the developed system during shallow bathymetry assessment was 0.272 m which complies with the IHO order 1. The observed performance of the developed system was consistent with the system specifications, which advocate its utility for hydrology and water resource management applications along with its intended use to support remote sensing-based bathymetric systems

Keywords

Acoustic Transducer, Bathymetry, Echo Sounder, Waterbodies, Water-Depth Measurement.

Full Text

References

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